One definition of sine and cosine is with a unitary circle. In this case, the sine is simply equal to the y-coordinate, and the cosine, the x-coordinate. Since the hypothenuse is 1, the equation in the question follows directly from Pythagoras' Law: x2 + y2 = r2, x2 + y2 = 1, cos2A + sin2A = 1. You can also derive it from the alternative definition of sine and cosine (ratios in a right triangle).
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Sin 15 + cos 105 = -1.9045
To show that (cos tan = sin) ??? Remember that tan = (sin/cos) When you substitute it for tan, cos tan = cos (sin/cos) = sin QED
cos*cot + sin = cos*cos/sin + sin = cos2/sin + sin = (cos2 + sin2)/sin = 1/sin = cosec
sin(3A) = sin(2A + A) = sin(2A)*cos(A) + cos(2A)*sin(A)= sin(A+A)*cos(A) + cos(A+A)*sin(A) = 2*sin(A)*cos(A)*cos(A) + {cos^2(A) - sin^2(A)}*sin(A) = 2*sin(A)*cos^2(A) + sin(a)*cos^2(A) - sin^3(A) = 3*sin(A)*cos^2(A) - sin^3(A)
The result is variant, therefore uncertain. The only sure thing is that sin(x)2 + cos(x)2 = 1.