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There are 36 permutations of two dice. Of these, 21 have a sum of at least 7. The probability, then, of rolling at least a sum of 7 is 21 in 36, or about 0.5833.

The permutation list is below. The sums at least 7 are bold. Count them, and understand.

1+1 = 2

1+2 = 3

1+3 = 4

1+4 = 5

1+5 = 6

1+6 = 7

2+1 = 3

2+2 = 4

2+3 = 5

2+4 = 6

2+5 = 7

2+6 = 8

3+1 = 4

3+2 = 5

3+3 = 6

3+4 = 7

3+5 = 8

3+6 = 9

4+1 = 5

4+2 = 6

4+3 = 7

4+4 = 8

4+5 = 9

4+6 = 10

5+1 = 6

5+2 = 7

5+3 = 8

5+4 = 9

5+5 = 10

5+6 = 11

6+1 = 7

6+2 = 8

6+3 = 9

6+4 = 10

6+5 = 11

6+6 = 12

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Q: What is the probability of obtaining a sum of at least 7 when rolling a pair of dice?
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The best way to do this is to note that this is 1 minus the probability of obtaining a sum less than 6. The probability of obtaining a 2 is 1/36 (both dice get 1) The probability of obtaining a 3 is 1/18 (one dice gets 1, the other gets 2, or the other way around) The probability of obtaining a 4 is 1/12 (both dice get 2, or one dice gets 1 and the other 3, or the other way around) The probability of obtaining a 5 is 1/9 (one dice gets 2 and the other 3, or the other way around, or one dice gets 1 and the other 4, or the other way around) Adding these probabilities up gives 5/18. 1 minus this is 13/18 Thus the probability of obtaining a sum of at least 6 when rolling a pair of dice is 13/18.


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