The set of integers, under addition.
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The abelian groups of order 24 are C3xC8, C2xC12, C2xC2xC6. There are other 12 non-abelian groups of order 24
No, for instance the Klein group is finite and abelian but not cyclic. Even more groups can be found having this chariacteristic for instance Z9 x Z9 is abelian but not cyclic
Yes. Lets call the generator of the group z, then every element of the group can be written as zk for some k. Then the product of two elements is: zkzm=zk+m Notice though that then zmzk=zm+k=zk+m=zkzm, so the group is indeed abelian.
Rings and Groups are algebraic structures. A Groupis a set of elements (numbers) with a binary operation (addition) that combines any two elements in the set to form a third element which is also in the set. The Group satisfies four axioms: closure, associativity, identity and invertibility. In addition, it is a Ring if it is Abelian group (that is, addition is commutative) and it has a second binary operation (multiplication) that is defined on its elements. This second operation is distributive over the first.
If you are working with real numbers, or even complex numbers, pq is the same as qp, so the result is the same as 2pq. If you use some multiplication that is NOT commutative (such as, when you multiply matrices), you can't simplify the expression.