(x - 1)(x + 1)(x^2 + 1)(x^4 + 1)(x^8 + 1)(x^16 + 1)(x^32 + 1)(x^64 + 1)(x^128 + 1)
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(x - 1)(x + 1)
(2x - 1)(2x + 1)
So x4 - 1 is the difference of squares, so x4 - 1 = (x2 - 1)(x2 + 1) = (x + 1)(x - 1)(x2 + 1).
9(2x - 1)(2x + 1)