You can graph the values and see if the points fall on a straight line. You can also calculate delta-y / delta-x (i.e., difference between y values / difference in x values) for pairs of adjacent points, and see whether this value is the same in all cases. Or at least similar - you may want to allow for errors in measurement, or rounding errors.
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The product-moment correlation coefficient or PMCC should have a value between -1 and 1. A positive value shows a positive linear correlation, and a negative value shows a negative linear correlation. At zero, there is no linear correlation, and the correlation becomes stronger as the value moves further from 0.
If we are talking about a linear equation in the form y = mx + b, then all linear equations are functions. Functions have at most one y value to every x value (there may be more than one x value to every y value, and some x- and y-values may not be assigned at all); all linear equations satisfy this condition.Moreover, linear equations with m ≠ 0 are invertible functions as well, which means that there is at most one x-value to every y-value (as well as vice versa).
A linear equation can have only one zero and that is the value of the variable for which the equation is true.
If the figures in the table are exact and without measurement error then take any two of the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) and use these to form the linear relation y - y1 = ((y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1))(x - x1) If, however, you suspect that the values in the table do not exactly follow a linear relationship then use linear regression for which formulae are provided in wikipedia.
A linear or non linear function is a function that either creates a straight line or a crooked line when graphed. These functions are usually represented on a table under the headings x and y.