A relation is a mapping between elements of two sets - which need not be different sets. The relationship may be one-to-one or many-to-one but not one-to-many. In graphical form, any line which is parallel to the y-axis can meet the plot at most once.
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No, a function must be a relation although a relation need not be a functions.
No. A relation is not a special type of function.
The set of output values of a function or relation is the range
A function is a special type of relation. So first let's see what a relation is. A relation is a diagram, equation, or list that defines a specific relationship between groups of elements. Now a function is a relation whose every input corresponds with a single output.
determine whether each relation is a function y equals -8