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In ordinary mathematics, assuming that x = X and that X2 denotes x2 or x-squared, there cannot be a counterexample since the statement is TRUE.

However, there are two assumptions made that could be false and so could give rise to counterexamples.

1. x is not the same as X. If, for example X = 4x then X = -20 so that X2 = 400.

2a. X2 is not X2 but X times 2. In that case X2 = -10.

2b. X2 is x2 modulo 7, for example. Then X2 = 4.

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11y ago

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