That's right. In a circle, the length of a diameter will be the same as twice the length of a radius.
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A diameter of a circle is twice the length of a radius. Think of a diameter as two radii, both originating at the center of the circle and extending out at 180 degrees to each other to reach the edge of the circle. In this example, if the radius is 1.5, the diameter would be 3.
Only if they are placed in such a way as to make a straight line ,i.e., they should be placed at 180 degrees to each other.
A part of a circle enclosed by two radii is called a sector.
I always called it an arc. It is simply a section of the circle. The ends are determined by the two radii you referenced. Each of the radii start at the center of the circle and end at their intersection with the circle. The portion of the circle that lies between the ends of the two radii is an arc.
Their circumferences are in direct proportion to their radii. Their areas are in direct proportion to the square of their radii.