Yes of course!
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There's a simple answer: The earth is a sphere and the parallels are, well, parallel to each other. So obviously the ones closer to the poles are shorter than the ones closest to the Ecuator. As for the meridians all meet at one point ehich are the poles, so they are all the same length.
90 degrees
an arrow pointing to the east
Not unless all angles are also equal. A rhombus is a parallelogram with all sides equal. A rectangle is a parallelogram with all angles equal. A square is a rhombus with all angles equal which is a parallelogram with all sides equal and all angles equal.
Italy occupies all latitudes within the range of about 36.65° -- 47.09° North.