There's a simple answer: The earth is a sphere and the parallels are, well, parallel to each other. So obviously the ones closer to the poles are shorter than the ones closest to the Ecuator.
As for the meridians all meet at one point ehich are the poles, so they are all the same length.
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No
-- All meridians of longitude have the same length ... they all join the north and south poles. -- Each parallel of north latitude has the same length as the parallel at the equal south latitude, but no other one.
Yes of course!
Yes they are equal in length
A square has four sides of equal length!