R3 is a complete vector room, so you can actually take *ANY* other vector, e.g. from r1, r2 or r4 or any other vector room.
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The null vector, also called the zero vector, is a vector a, such that a+b=b for any vector b. Also, b+( -b)=a An example in R3 is the vector <0,0,0> Here are some examples of its use <2,2,2>+<-2,-2,-2>=<0,0,0> <2,2,2>+<0,0,0>=<2,2,2>
The Resultant Vector minus the other vector
We get the Unit Vector
The volume of a sphere is 4/3 x pi x r3 Half of that is 2/3 x pi x r3
If they are parallel, you can add them algebraically to get a resultant vector. Then you can resolve the resultant vector to obtain the vector components.