You convert numbers from any base to any other base by successive division by the target base, using the rules of division in the source base, while tracking each remainder until the result is zero.
To convert from hex to octal, you successively divide by 8. Just do it in hex, not decimal. An example to convert 9C16 to 2358...
9C16 divided by 816 is 1316 remainder 516
1316 divided by 816 is 216 remainder 316
216 divided by 816 is 016 remainder 216
Write the remainders down in reverse order, 2, 3, 5, or 2358.
I find it easier to convert to binary first and then convert the binary to octal. To do this, convert each hex digit to binary. Then starting at the right split the binary digits into groups of three, adding 0's at the end if needed. Each group of three
converts to an octal digit.
Example: A B F 2 =
1010 1011 1111 0010
= 001 010 101 111 110 010 (group by threes and add two 0's at the front)
= 1 2 5 7 6 2
The trick of converting the digits works because 8 and 16 are both powers of two.
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1D.12516
F in hexadecimal is 17 in octal.
8 in octal, 16 in hexadecimal.
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