XeF4
Xe has 8 valance electrons.
F has 7 valance electrons * 4 = 28 valance electrons
8 + 28 = 36 valance electron total.
Now, there are 4 bonds between Xe and the 4 F's, so that is a total of 8 electrons shared.
36 - 8 = 28 valance electrons left over.
That means that 6 each go around the fluorine atoms as three lone pair per atom and one electron for the exon atom, unless this is a charged molecule.
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they are the same. Lone pair is unshared pair of electrons and bond pair is shared pair of electron.
A lone pair of electrons takes up space despite being very small. Lone pairs have a greater repulsive effect than bonding pairs. This is because there are already other forces needing to be taken into consideration with bond pairs. So to summarize: Lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion > bond pair-bond pair repulsion. This makes the molecular geometry different.
Octahedral. The bond between N and Al doesn't count as a bond pair as it is a dative bond, since both electrons were donated by the lone pair on the N in NH3
The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.
In bonded pairs of electrons the repulsion of the negative charges is somewhat reduce by the positive charge of the bonded atom's nucleus. Lone pairs do not have this.