Using the fact that the centre of a chord is at right angles to the radius
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Draw a line from any part on the outside of a circle to the exact center of the circle. * * * * * That is fine if you know where the center is but not much use if you are just given a circle and do not know where the exact centre is. In this case: Draw a chord - a straight line joining any two points on the circumference of the circle. Then draw the perpendicular bisector of the chord. Draw another chord and its perpendicular bisector. The two perpendicular bisectors will meet at the centre.
It the point is on the line the distance is 0. If the point is not on the line, then it is possible to draw a unique line from the point to the line which is perpendicular to the line. The distance from the point to the line is the distance along this perpendicular to the line.
draw two intersecting lines that are not perpendicular
Suppose you are given a bangle and you are supposed to measure the circumference. OK? First place it on a paper fixed to a board. Using a fine pencil mark its boundary outer if outer circumference is required. Now draw one chord. Mark AB. Using protractor draw a line perpendicular to the chord at B. Name as BC. Join AC. Measure AC. Multiply AC by 3.14. You would get the required circumference nearly to the accurate one.
When you draw a circle in math, and you draw a triangle inside of it, 2 of the lines should be the radius of the circle, and the third (bottom) line that is not the radius is the chord.