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There are 5 (not 4) parts of an elementary box and whiskers plot. From left to right, they are: minimum, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, and maximum. A more advanced version of plot is used for data containing outliers. In such cases the whiskers extend to the minimum or maximum EXCLUDING the outlier(s) and the outliers themselves are marked with Xs - beyond the scope of the whiskers.
A box and whisker plot may not have whiskers if all the data points fall within the interquartile range (IQR), resulting in no values outside this range. This can occur in a dataset where all values are identical or very closely clustered within the quartiles. Additionally, if there are outliers that are significantly distant from the rest of the data, the whiskers may extend only to the closest non-outlier values, potentially leading to situations where one or both whiskers are absent.
The whiskers mark the ends of the range of figures - they are the furthest outliers. * * * * * No. Outliers are not part of a box and whiskers plot. The whiskers mark the ends of the minimum and maximum observations EXCLUDING outliers. Outliers, if any, are marked with an X.
It was invented by the American statistician John Tukey in 1977
They are some measure of the dispersion or range of numbers in the set of data.