Central Limit Theorem
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The normal distribution has two parameters, the mean and the standard deviation Once we know these parameters, we know everything we need to know about a particular normal distribution. This is a very nice feature for a distribution to have. Also, the mean, median and mode are all the same in the normal distribution. Also, the normal distribution is important in the central limit theorem. These and many other facts make the normal distribution a nice distribution to have in statistics.
the mean and the standard deviation
In general you cannot. You will need to know more about the distribution of the variable - you cannot assume that the distribution is uniform or Normal.
You need to know the standard deviation or standard error to answer the question.
The answer depends on the level at which the student is expected to be. A 15-year old should know the probability of getting heads on the toss of a coin but even a mathematics graduate - who did not specialise in probability - would be expected to be able to prove the mathematical relationship between the Normal distribution and the F-distribution. If asked, most student would not even know what the second part of the sentence meant.