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The exact first date of use is unknown, but one of the earliest uses was by Plato in the 400s BC. The connection of phi to Pascal's triangle was made when Leonardo Fibonacci created his Fibonacci sequence.
The main use for the golden ratio is its aesthetic appeal - in art and architecture. Rectangles with the golden ratio as their aspect appeal to the human mind (for some reason). So various aspects of the Parthenon in Athens, for example, have dimensions whose ratio is phi. Phi is closely related to the Fibonacci sequence: the ratio of successive terms of the sequence approaches phi and so, just like the Fibonacci sequence, phi appears in many natural situations. However, there is no particular application based on phi.
Different authors use different conventions for indexing the Fibonacci sequence (n.b., "sequence" not "series"). For example, in Cameron's Combinatorics, he defines F1=1, F2=2. The most common choice, used for example in Sloane's Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/), is to define thezeroth Fibonacci number to be 0 and the first to be 1; thus the second is also 1. With this choice, a number of formulas become simpler and we have this particularly nice number-theoretic result: if m divides n, then the mth Fibonacci number divides the nth Fibonacci number.
The "golden ratio" is the limit of the ratio between consecutive terms of the Fibonacci series. That means that when you take two consecutive terms out of your Fibonacci series and divide them, the quotient is near the golden ratio, and the longer the piece of the Fibonacci series is that you use, the nearer the quotient is. The Fibonacci series has the property that it converges quickly, so even if you only look at the quotient of, say, the 9th and 10th terms, you're already going to be darn close. The exact value of the golden ratio is [1 + sqrt(5)]/2
Because it is so interesting.. . .. ... ..... ........ ............. .....................Fibonacci first published a use for the pattern to explain bunny population growth in his book Liber Abaci (1202).Other interesting uses for the Fibonacci Sequence:The Golden Ratio and The Golden Spiral (as seen in DaVinci's Vitruvian Man)Phyllotaxis (how leaves appear on stem)Predicting stock share pricing (Fibonacci retractment)Graphs interconnecting parallel and distributed systems (Fibonacci Cubes)The Core in Cornwall, UK (architecture)The chorus of Astronomy, a hip-hop song by Black StarThe time signatures and syllable structure of the Toolsong LateralusAncestry of male bees