If the different books of the same type are considered to be the same, so that different arrangements of the same type of book are not considered to be different variations in the answer, then to find the different arrangements of books simply multiply 3 X 4 to find the answer 12. If each book must be placed as a separate entity (each book is completely different and the books must all be arranged separately) then the answer is 7! (seven factorial), or 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1. The answer in this case is 5040.
Examples:
Answer 12:
GGGAAAA
AGGGAAA
AAGGGAA
AAAGGGA
AAAAGGG
Etc.
Answer 5040:
(Each number represents a different book. 4 are Algebra and 3 are Geometry, but all the books must be placed seperatly, so that makes no difference.)
1234567
7654321
7234561
7634512
Etc.
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To arrange 3 algebra books and 3 geometry books on a shelf so that no two books of the same type are next to each other, you can use the concept of permutations. There are 3! ways to arrange the algebra books and 3! ways to arrange the geometry books. This gives a total of 3! * 3! = 36 ways to arrange the books on the shelf such that no two books of the same type are next to each other.
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Choose 3 then 2 then 1; 3*2*1 = 6 ways.
Ill skip the factorials and just give you what the calculator does in the end. 8*7*6*5*4*3= 20,160
2. If the books are x and y, then xy or yx are the only possible ways. Unless you allow for one book to the side of the other, one bok on top of the other, one book leaning partially on the other, etc. In that case, there are an infinite number of ways.