By the letter R.
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There are no real reason why it is denoted by z, but that the real number axis is denoted by x, imaginary number is denoted by y, the real part of a complex number is denoted by a, the imaginary part of a complex number is denoted by b, so there is z left.
It is not denoted with a t.
The set of irrational numbers is NOT denoted by Q.Q denotes the set of rational numbers. The set of irrational numbers is not denoted by any particular letter but by R - Q where R is the set of real numbers.
A complex number is denoted by Z=X+iY, where X is the real part and iY is the imanginary part. So the number 4 would be 4+i0 and is the real part of a complex number and so 4 by itself is just a real number, not complex.
Whole number