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it means 5% dextrose in 0.45% saline. This is a hypertonic solution and useful to treat hypovolemia and hyponatremia.
hyper
5% in pure water
it depends on what you are trying to irrigate and what the solvent is.
If the percents given are by weight or mass, this is very straightforward: The ratio between the desired percentage and the initial percentage is 1/50. Therefore, a given mass of initial solution must be diluted to 50 times its original mass to obtain the desired lower concentration, or in other words, 49 parts of diluent must be mixed with each part of initial solution. If the percents involve volume measurements, it would be necessary to take into account and change in density occasioned by the dilution.