No one invented prime numbers.
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Euclid
Euclid contributed to number theory, which is the study of integers. He worked on prime numbers and divisibility. He proved the infinitude of prime numbers, which had not been proven before.
You can use Euclid's algorithm to calculate the gcf of two of the numbers - then use Euclid's algorithm again with the result and the third number.Or you can factor all the numbers into prime factors, and check which prime factors occur in all three numbers.
Euclid proved that it is impossible to find the "largest prime number," because if you take the largest known prime number, add 1 to the product of all the primes up to and including it, you will get another prime number. Euclid's proof for this theorem is generally accepted as one of the "classic" proofs because of its conciseness and clarity. Millions of prime numbers are known to exist, and more are being added by mathematicians and computer scientists. Mathematicians since Euclid have attempted without success to find a pattern to the sequence of prime numbers.
Yes, there is an infinite amount of prime numbers. This has been proven by the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid. As for composite numbers, since there are infinitely many natural numbers, there must also be an infinite amount of composite numbers, as they are all the natural numbers that are not prime.