Yes, it is.
Yes.
No. An addition operation need not even be defined.
Yes, they are.
To determine if a set is closed under multiplication, we need to check if the product of any two elements from the set is also an element of the same set. For example, the set of integers is closed under multiplication because the product of any two integers is always an integer. In contrast, the set of natural numbers is also closed under multiplication, while the set of rational numbers is closed under multiplication as well. However, sets like the set of positive integers and the set of even integers are also closed under multiplication.
Yes. The entire set of natural numbers is closed under addition (but not subtraction). So are the even numbers (but not the odd numbers), the multiples of 3, of 4, etc.
There is no law of closure. Closure is a property that some sets have with respect to a binary operation. For example, consider the set of even integers and the operation of addition. If you take any two members of the set (that is any two even integers), then their sum is also an even integer. This implies that the set of even integers is closed with respect to addition. But the set of odd integers is not closed with respect to addition since the sum of two odd integers is not odd. Neither set is closed with respect to division.
The numbers are not closed under addition because whole numbers, even integers, and natural numbers are closed.
Yes, it is.
Yes.
No. An addition operation need not even be defined.
0 belongs to the reals. It is a member of the irrationals, the rationals. It is also a member of the integers; It is a member (the identity) of the group of even integers, 3*integers, 4*integers etc with respect to addition.
The set of even numbers is closed under addition, the set of odd numbers is not.
Yes
Integers are the natural numbers (counting numbers: 1,2,3,etc.), and their negative counterparts, and zero. The set of Integers is closed for addition, subtraction, and multiplication, but not division. Closed means that the answer will be a part of the set. Example: 1/3 (1 divided by 3 equals one third) is not an integer, even though both 1 and 3 are integers.
Yes, they are.
1) addition
Unfortunately, the term "whole numbers" is somewhat ambiguous - it means different things to different people. If you mean "integers", yes, it is closed. If you mean "positive integers" or "non-negative integers", no, it isn't.