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Although Descartes is generally credited with inventing analytical geometry, several aspects had been used by the Greek mathematicians Menaechmus (4th century BC) and Apollonius of Perga (3rd century BC). Much later (11th century), the Persian mathematician Omar Khayyam, used methods which modern mathematicians consider akin to analytical geometry. In 1637 Rene Descartes published his work on the topic but it was incomplete and was in French. It took another decade or so before it was translated into Latin and some of the gaps filled that Descartes' ideas took off.
For Descartes, this was the fact that he existed as a thinker. He was perfectly sure he was thinking; and he was likewise convinced that to be thinking he had to exist as some kind of substance.
Some ancient Babylonian inventions are mathematics and astronomy. The Babylonians invented the accurate calendar and knew place value. they also traded with other neighboring cities for economy.
A list of the inventions I know of is: Telephone Graphaphone Wheat husker Photophone Metal detector Hydrofoil I may have missed some out, but I hope this helped anyway!
Descartes' theory provided the basis for the calculus of Newton and Leibniz, by applying infinitesimal calculus to the tangent line problem, thus permitting the evolution of that branch of modern mathematics. This appears even more astounding considering that the work was just intended as an example to his Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la verité dans les sciences (Discourse on the Method to Rightly Conduct the Reason and Search for the Truth in Sciences, better known under the shortened title Discours de la méthode). Descartes' rule of signs is also a commonly used method in modern mathematics to determine possible quantities of positive and negative zeros of a function. Descartes created analytic geometry, and discovered the law of conservation of momentum. He outlined his views on the universe in his Principles of Philosophy. Descartes also made contributions to the field of optics. He showed by using geometric construction and the law of refraction (also known as Descartes' law) that the angular radius of a rainbow is 42 degrees (i.e. the angle subtended at the eye by the edge of the rainbow and the ray passing from the sun through the rainbow's centre is 42°). He also independently discovered the law of reflection, and his essay on optics was the first published mention of this law.[7] One of Descartes most enduring legacies was his development of Cartesian geometry, the algebraic system taught in schools today. He also created exponential notation, indicated by numbers written in what is now referred to as superscript.