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Statistics often requires one to make estimates of some measure (variable) about a set of units. The total number of such units is the population size.
Note that population, in this context, need not refer to people. If the study is about household expenditure on food (in some area), then the population is all households and the population size is the number of households (in that area). If the study is about diversity of insects in a field, the population may be all 1-metre squares in the field, and the size of the population will be the number of such plots - which will equal the area of the field.
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What does it means if the standard deviation is large?
that you have a large variance in the population and/or your sample size is too small
Density is a term that means a rapid increase in population size?
No. Density does not mean there has been a rapid increase in population. It means there are a large number of people living in a small geographic area, as in "New York City has a dense population."
What happens to the sample size if you increase the standard deviation?
The statistics of the population aren't supposed to depend on the sample size. If they do, that just means that at least one of the samples doesn't accurately represent the population. Maybe both.
When testing for differences between two means the sample population are?
You are testing the difference between two means of independent sample and the population variance are not known. from those population you take two samples of two different size n1and n2. what degrees of freedom is appropriate to consider in this case
When can you estimate a population's size when counting individuals in a sample of the population?
You can estimate a population's size when counting individuals if the density in a sample is greater than the population density.
