It is a graphical representation of the distribution of a variable.
It if often used to represent a "5 number summary" in statistics.
The 5 numbers are the minimum and maximum values of a set as well as Q1, Q2 and Q3 which are the first, second, and third quartiles. The box is made up of the quartiles, with the smaller and larger ones at either end and Q2 in between. The whiskers are the max and the min.
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Expressing statistical data
The whiskers mark the ends of the range of figures - they are the furthest outliers. * * * * * No. Outliers are not part of a box and whiskers plot. The whiskers mark the ends of the minimum and maximum observations EXCLUDING outliers. Outliers, if any, are marked with an X.
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Both ends of the the box (the "whiskers") plot determine the range of your data, without including outliers. (Outliers are marked by an asterisk). The end of the left side of the box is the lower quartile. The line in the box is the median. The other end of the box represent the upper quartile.
It was invented by the American statistician John Tukey in 1977