When lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) is mixed with potassium iodide (KI) in solution, a double displacement reaction occurs, resulting in the formation of lead(II) iodide (PbI₂), which is a precipitate, and potassium nitrate (KNO₃) in solution. The complete ionic equation for this reaction can be written as:
[ \text{Pb}^{2+} (aq) + 2 \text{NO}_3^{-} (aq) + 2 \text{K}^{+} (aq) + 2 \text{I}^{-} (aq) \rightarrow \text{PbI}_2 (s) + 2 \text{K}^{+} (aq) + 2 \text{NO}_3^{-} (aq) ]
This equation illustrates the dissociation of the soluble ions in solution and the formation of the insoluble lead(II) iodide precipitate.
NO3-
Conventional equations show the overall reactants and products of a chemical reaction, using formulas without detailing the ionic species involved. In contrast, complete ionic equations break down soluble ionic compounds into their individual ions, illustrating all species present in the solution. This allows for a clearer understanding of the actual chemical species participating in the reaction, particularly in aqueous solutions. Ultimately, complete ionic equations can reveal spectator ions that do not participate in the reaction, which are omitted in conventional equations.
Na+ plus OH- plus H+ equals H2O plus Na+ plus Cl-
The boltzman equation describes thermodynamic systems not in equilibrium. It is a kinetic equation that describes changes in macroscopic quantities such as energy or charge. The field of electrophysiology studies properties of excitable cellular membranes as these electric properties are essencial for signal transport within the organisms. Among other things, electrophysiologists measure how electric currents flowing through ionic channels sitting in cellular membranes change in response to changes in voltage or different ion concentraions accross the membrane. These measurements can describe properties of the channels such as ionic conductance, selectivity, sensitivity to toxins/drugs, channel opening/closing kinetics, etc. The Boltzman equation helps fitting curves that describe these voltage-current relationships.
An equation relating the limiting molar conductivity Λm 0 (see Kohlrausch's law) to the ionic diffusion coefficients, devised by Nernst and Albert Einstein. The Nernst-Einstein equation is Λm 0=(F 2/RT)(v+ z+ 2 D++v– z– 2 D–), where F is the Faraday constant, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature, v+ and v– are the number of cations and anions per formula unit of electrolyte, z+ and z– are the valences of the ions, and D+ and D– are the diffusion coefficients of the ions. An application of the Nernst-Einstein equation is to calculate the ionic diffusion coefficients from experimental determinations of conductivity. Λm 0=(F 2/RT)(v+ z+ 2 D++v– z– 2 D–)
All ionic substances are written as separate ions in solution
A molecular equation shows all reactants and products as full compounds without distinguishing between ionic and covalent bonds, while a complete ionic equation breaks down all ionic compounds into their individual ions in a solution. It explicitly shows the ions present and their charges in a chemical reaction.
Fe3+ + 3OH- _____> Fe(OH)3
A complete ionic equation shows all the ions present in a chemical reaction, including those that dissociate into ions in solution. It represents the formula of each ionic compound as separate ions to give a more detailed picture of the reaction.
the spectator ions are removed
To write a net ionic equation from a complete ionic equation, you remove the spectator ions that appear on both sides of the equation. The remaining ions that participate in the reaction are then included in the net ionic equation. This simplifies the equation to show only the ions that undergo a chemical change.
Yes. If both compounds are insoluable in water then the complete/overall ionic equation and the net ionic equation will look the same. The only way they look different is if there are spectator ions(ions that appear on both sides of the equation).
These two compounds doesn't react.
A complete ionic equation shows all ions present in a chemical reaction, both reactants and products, as they exist in solution. It separates each compound into its constituent ions to accurately depict the chemical species involved in the reaction.
no, it is not
The complete ionic equation for the reaction between potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) and a buffer would involve the dissociation of KOH into potassium ions (K+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), and the respective ions present in the buffer solution. The specific ions present in the buffer would depend on its composition.
An equation showing all dissolved compounds as ions