NO3-
Na+ plus OH- plus H+ equals H2O plus Na+ plus Cl-
The boltzman equation describes thermodynamic systems not in equilibrium. It is a kinetic equation that describes changes in macroscopic quantities such as energy or charge. The field of electrophysiology studies properties of excitable cellular membranes as these electric properties are essencial for signal transport within the organisms. Among other things, electrophysiologists measure how electric currents flowing through ionic channels sitting in cellular membranes change in response to changes in voltage or different ion concentraions accross the membrane. These measurements can describe properties of the channels such as ionic conductance, selectivity, sensitivity to toxins/drugs, channel opening/closing kinetics, etc. The Boltzman equation helps fitting curves that describe these voltage-current relationships.
An equation relating the limiting molar conductivity Λm 0 (see Kohlrausch's law) to the ionic diffusion coefficients, devised by Nernst and Albert Einstein. The Nernst-Einstein equation is Λm 0=(F 2/RT)(v+ z+ 2 D++v– z– 2 D–), where F is the Faraday constant, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature, v+ and v– are the number of cations and anions per formula unit of electrolyte, z+ and z– are the valences of the ions, and D+ and D– are the diffusion coefficients of the ions. An application of the Nernst-Einstein equation is to calculate the ionic diffusion coefficients from experimental determinations of conductivity. Λm 0=(F 2/RT)(v+ z+ 2 D++v– z– 2 D–)
A true solution is where you can't differentiate between the solute and solvent molecules even at the microscopic level. It is completely homogeneous. For example, milk seems to be completely homogeneous but it isn't. Milk is actually has a suspension of fat molecules which are not dissolved at all. A true solution is a homogeneous solution in which the solute particles have diameters less than 10-7cm. The solute particles are of molecular dimensions. The particles are invisible even under powerful microscopes. For example, sodium chloride in water is a true solution. Most ionic compounds form true solutions in water. Organic compounds like sugar and urea also form true solutions in water.
All ionic substances are written as separate ions in solution
A molecular equation shows all reactants and products as full compounds without distinguishing between ionic and covalent bonds, while a complete ionic equation breaks down all ionic compounds into their individual ions in a solution. It explicitly shows the ions present and their charges in a chemical reaction.
Fe3+ + 3OH- _____> Fe(OH)3
A complete ionic equation shows all the ions present in a chemical reaction, including those that dissociate into ions in solution. It represents the formula of each ionic compound as separate ions to give a more detailed picture of the reaction.
the spectator ions are removed
Yes, the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation for a double replacement reaction can sometimes be the same. This occurs when all reactants and products are fully dissociated into ions in the reaction, leaving no spectator ions. In such cases, the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation will be identical.
To write a net ionic equation from a complete ionic equation, you remove the spectator ions that appear on both sides of the equation. The remaining ions that participate in the reaction are then included in the net ionic equation. This simplifies the equation to show only the ions that undergo a chemical change.
A complete ionic equation shows all ions present in a chemical reaction, both reactants and products, as they exist in solution. It separates each compound into its constituent ions to accurately depict the chemical species involved in the reaction.
These two compounds doesn't react.
The complete ionic equation for the reaction between potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) and a buffer would involve the dissociation of KOH into potassium ions (K+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), and the respective ions present in the buffer solution. The specific ions present in the buffer would depend on its composition.
no, it is not
An equation showing all dissolved compounds as ions