It is 1 because it can be expressed as a fraction in the form of 1/1
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1
There is no such number. If any number laid claim to being the smallest rational number its claim could be challenged by half that number - which would also be rational and, obviously smaller. And the claim of that number could be challenged by half that number, and so on.
There are an infinite number of rational numbers so it would be foolish to even try to list them.
2
There is no such number. The empty set is a subset of rational numbers and, by definition, it contains no numbers so nothing that can be common to any other subset.Alternatively, all rational numbers less than -1 and all rational numbers greater than 1 are subsets of rational numbers. There is no number common to them.