There is no such number. If any number laid claim to being the smallest rational number its claim could be challenged by half that number - which would also be rational and, obviously smaller. And the claim of that number could be challenged by half that number, and so on.
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1
There are an infinite number of rational numbers so it would be foolish to even try to list them.
2
It is 1 because it can be expressed as a fraction in the form of 1/1
There is no such number. The empty set is a subset of rational numbers and, by definition, it contains no numbers so nothing that can be common to any other subset.Alternatively, all rational numbers less than -1 and all rational numbers greater than 1 are subsets of rational numbers. There is no number common to them.