The sample is not a perfect representation of the population.
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You are testing the difference between two means of independent sample and the population variance are not known. from those population you take two samples of two different size n1and n2. what degrees of freedom is appropriate to consider in this case
that you have a large variance in the population and/or your sample size is too small
When your talking about cows, it means a cow that's naturally horns. and its other stuff for other animals
The statistics of the population aren't supposed to depend on the sample size. If they do, that just means that at least one of the samples doesn't accurately represent the population. Maybe both.
sample is a noun. sampling is a verb. Statistically speaking, a sample is where we gather and examine part of a population. A sampling is where we take the means of samples in order to gather info about the whole...