If you look at the graphs of y=sin(x) and y=cos(x) you can see that the two sinusoidal curves are actually the same graph, but that one is just a shifted version of the other. This type of shift may be referred to as a phase shift. This shift allows certain values of sine and cosine to be equivalent, but to occur at different angle values. You may wish to experiment with other values to better understand the relationship between the two. Such as at 45 degrees: at this value cosine and sine are equal.
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Sine(A+ B) = Sine(A)*Cosine(B) + Cosine(A)*Sine(B).
The differential of the sine function is the cosine function while the differential of the cosine function is the negative of the sine function.
Tangent = sine/cosine provided that cosine is non-zero. When cosine is 0, then tangent is undefined.
No, they do not.
The maximum of the sine and cosine functions is +1, and the minimum is -1.