Postulates are assumed to be true and we need not prove them. They provide the starting point for the proof of a theorem. A theorem is a proposition that can be deduced from postulates. We make a series of logical arguments using these postulates to prove a theorem. For example, visualize two angles, two parallel lines and a single slanted line through the parallel lines. Angle one, on the top, above the first parallel line is an obtuse angle. Angle two below the second parallel line is acute. These two angles are called Exterior angles. They are proved and is therefore a theorem.
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Well, this will depend on the length of the sides of the triangle for what postulate or theorem you will be using.
There is no AAA theorem since it is not true. SSS is, in fact a theorem, not a postulate. It states that if the three sides of one triangle are equal in magnitude to the corresponding three sides of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
SAS
No. SSA can give rise to a pair of non-congruent triangles.
Theorem: A Proven Statement. Postulate: An Accepted Statement without Proof. They mean similar things. A postulate is an unproven statement that is considered to be true; however a theorem is simply a statement that may be true or false, but only considered to be true if it has been proven.