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When water freezes it _releases_ energy (the heat of fusion, 333.55 kj.kg). To keep it from freezing, simply keep the energy constant. If the ambient temperature is below zero C (32 F) the rate of energy loss will depend on the temperature of the air and the thermal resistance (insulation value) of the water's container, and other factors such as wind speed. In those conditions you must replace the energy lost to prevent the water from freezing. However, the energy needed depends on the rate of loss, not on the amount of water.
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How much denatured alcohol to keep 1 gallon of water from freezing at 20 degrees f?
To prevent water from freezing at 20°F, you should mix in approximately 6-7 ounces of denatured alcohol per gallon of water. Denatured alcohol lowers the freezing point of water by decreasing its freezing temperature.
How many watts of energy are in a gallon of salt water?
The energy content of a gallon of salt water would depend on the concentration of salt in the water. On average, seawater contains about 3.5% salt. Using this concentration, a gallon of salt water would contain very minimal energy in the form of trace amounts of potential thermal energy due to the dissolved salt. It would not be practical to extract energy from a gallon of salt water in this context.
What mass of water would release 16700J of energy when freezing?
The heat of fusion for water is 334J/g. To find the mass of water that would release 16700J when freezing, you would divide the total energy by the heat of fusion: 16700 J / 334 J/g = 50g of water.
Why is the temperature needed to freeze the ocean water lower than the temperature needed to freeze the surface of a freshwater lake?
Ocean water has a lower freezing point than freshwater due to the presence of dissolved salts, which lowers the freezing point of water. The salt in the ocean water disrupts the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, making it harder for the water to freeze. This is why ocean water freezes at a lower temperature than freshwater.
What takes longer ice melting or water freezing?
Ice melting typically takes longer than water freezing because melting requires the addition of heat energy to break the bonds holding the solid water molecules together. In contrast, freezing involves the removal of heat energy to slow down the movement of water molecules and form a solid structure.
