This is just a rough outline of a few of the ways to describe a 2-d shape. I can't go into depth because there are both an infinite number of 2-d shapes and and infinite number of ways to describe them. Without a better understanding of what is being asked the correct answer simply cannot be known. Anyway, a rough attempt:
It depends on what you mean by describe. There are many words used to describe a 2-d shape: square, circle, pentagon, etc. It depends largely on what shape it is. If it's an irregular pentagon then it will be described differently than if it were a regular square.
If it's a regular shape (each side is of equal length e.g. square) then it would simply be described with "A regular [shape] with side length [some number and measurement label]". And example: "A regular octagon with side length 8 inches" would be roughly a stop sign (I have no idea how long the sides of a stop sign really are).
If it's irregular then it's more complicated. A number of methods could be used spanning the spectra of ease of use and amount of use. You could potentially describe the basic shape and then give each side length in turn. You could potentially find some equation to fit the shape. You could split it up into something simpler like triangles and describe them instead.
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A two-dimensional shape with three sides is a triangle. A three-dimensional shape with three faces is a cylinder.
A sphere is indeed a three dimensional shape. It is a circle rotated about an axis several times to create and three dimmensional object from a two dimensional shape.
A polygon; specifically a tetragon. A two-dimensional shape with four equal sides and four right angles is a square. A two-dimensional shape with two sets of equal sides and four right angles is a rectangle. A two-dimensional shape with two sets of equal sides and two sets of equal angles is a parallelogram. A parallelogram where each opposite angel bisects the shape is a rhombus. A two-dimensional shape with one set of equal, parallel sides and two sets of equal angles is a trapezoid. A three-dimensional shape with four triangular faces is a tetrahedron.
One possible answer is a 2-dimensional shape with a curved side.
Its perimeter.