x2 - 4 is a special expression that is referred to as a difference of squares. Whenever an expression is in the format:
a2 - b2
it can be factored out as:
(a + b)(a - b)
In the case of x2 + 4, that would be:
(x + 2)(x - 2)
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(x-1)(x-4)
(x + 2)(x - 9)
x2 + x - 12 = (x + 4) (x - 3)
(x+3)(x-3)
x2 - 9x + 20 = (x - 4)( x - 5)