x3-16x
x(x2-16)
x(x+4)(x-4)...forgot to finish it, sorry.
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You don't. There is no way to factorise it.
x3 - 9x = x(x2 - 9) = x(x2 - 32) = x(x - 3)(x + 3)
x3 + 4x2 + 16x + 64 =x2*(x + 4) + 16(x + 4) = (x + 4)*(x2 + 16) which has no further real factors.
√(16x) = 4√x = 4x1/2
x + x = x(1+1)