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Let there be x litres of 50% solution and y% of 20 % solution, then you have two equations by considering the amount of alcohol and the total amount of liquid:

  1. 50% x + 20% y = 40% of 3 litres
  2. x + y = 3 litres

These are two simultaneous equations involving 2 unknowns which can be solved:

Double {1} and subtract from {2} to give:

x - x + y - 40%y = 3 - 80% of 3

→ 60% y = 20% of 3

→ y = 20%/60% of 3 = 1/3 of 3 = 1

Substitute for y in {2} to get:

x + 1 = 3

x = 2

Therefore you need 2 litres of 50% solution and 1 litre of 20% solution.

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