The function y = x is the graph that passes from the points (-1, -1), (0, 0), and (1, 1)
The function y = 4x is the graph that passes form the points (-1, -4), (0, 0), and (1, 4)
Sketch these graphs in a same x and y coordinate system, and you can see both of them
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Test it by the vertical line test. That is, if a vertical line passes through the two points of the graph, this graph is not the graph of a function.
When a function is multiplied by -1 its graph is reflected in the x-axis.
A vertical line test can be used to determine whether a graph is a function or not. If a vertical line intersects the graph more than once, then the graph is not a function.
A linear function.
Absolute Value function