x8
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x6 + 3x4 - x2 - 3 = 0(x6 + 3x4) - (x2 + 3) = 0x4(x2 + 3) - (x2 + 3) = 0(x2 + 3)(x4 - 1) = 0(x2 + 3)[(x2)2 - 12] = 0(x2 + 3)(x2 + 1)(x2 - 1) = 0(x2 + 3)(x2 + 1)(x + 1)(x - 1) = 0x2 + 3 = 0 or x2 + 1 = 0 or x + 1 = 0 or x - 1 = 0x2 + 3 = 0x2 = -3x = ±√-3 = ±i√3 ≈ ±1.7ix2 + 1 = 0x2 = -1x = ±√-1 = ±i√1 ≈ ±ix + 1 = 0x = -1x - 1 = 0x = 1The solutions are x = ±1, ±i, ±1.7i.
It is 36.
264
-167
You don't. This expression does not have any factors.