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A third degree polynomial could have one or three real roots.
Actually, the roots of a Hurwitz polynomial are in the left half of the complex plain, not on the imaginary axis. As for the reason, that is because the polynomial is DEFINED to be one that has that kind of roots.
The given polynomial does not have factors with rational coefficients.
For a general polynominal, the cubic, quartic, and greater formulæ are too hellishly hard to work with, so you would need to plot the function or use Newton's/somesuch method to count the real roots by hand. If the polynomial has integral roots, you can use synthetic division to peel off the degrees to see if they factor wholely into binominals; then all roots will be real and explicit. Good luck:
The similarities are that they are polynomial functions and therefore continuous and differentiable.A real cubic will has an odd number of roots (and so must have a solution), a quartic has an even number of roots and so may have no solutions.