linear
electron-group geometry Apex!
The shape of a molecule only describes the arrangement of bonds around a central atom. The arrangement of electron pairs describes how both the bonding and nonbonding electron pair are arranged. For example, in its molecular shape, a water molecule is describes as bent, with two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. However, the arrangement of electron pairs around the oxygen atom is tetrahedral as there are two bonding pairs (shared with the hydrogen) and also two nonbonding pairs.
The lone pair electron region is the place around the central atom where electrons not bonding with another atom can be found. A lone pair of electrons are electrons that are not bonded with other atoms.
The molecular geometry of CFCI3 (trichlorofluoromethane) is tetrahedral. This is due to the central carbon atom being bonded to one fluorine atom and three chlorine atoms, creating a symmetrical arrangement. The presence of four bonded atoms and no lone pairs on the carbon leads to this tetrahedral shape, with bond angles approximately 109.5 degrees.
The molecular geometry of chloroform (CHI3) is tetrahedral. In this molecule, the central carbon atom is bonded to one hydrogen atom and three iodine atoms. The presence of these four bonded pairs of electrons around the carbon leads to a tetrahedral arrangement, with bond angles of approximately 109.5 degrees. However, the presence of larger iodine atoms affects the exact bond angles.
linear
A molecule with four bonded atoms and no lone pairs on the central atom will have a tetrahedral shape. This occurs when the central atom is bonded to four other atoms, resulting in equal distances between the atoms, leading to a tetrahedral shape due to the arrangement of electron pairs around the central atom.
The molecular geometry of CS2 is linear. This molecule consists of a central carbon atom bonded to two sulfur atoms, and there are no lone pairs on the central atom. The bonds and atoms are arranged in a straight line, giving it a linear molecular geometry.
The molecular shape of SH2 is linear. It consists of a central sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. These atoms are arranged in a straight line due to the repulsion between the lone pairs of electrons on the sulfur atom.
The steric number of carbon disulfide is 2. This is because carbon has two bonded atoms (sulfur), and there are no lone pairs around the central carbon atom. The steric number is determined by the sum of bonded atoms and lone pairs around the central atom.
The Lewis structure of CCl2Br2 consists of one carbon atom bonded to two chlorine atoms and two bromine atoms. The central carbon atom is double bonded to one chlorine atom and single bonded to the other chlorine and two bromine atoms. The electron pairs are arranged around each atom to satisfy the octet rule.
One on each side (at 180º) of the central atom.
Electron pairs
the VSEPR theory
The Lewis structure for AX1E0 is linear, with one central atom (A) and no lone pairs or unshared electron pairs (E). This means that A is bonded to one other atom (X) with a single bond.
there are three N-H bonds in ammonia and hence ammonia has three bonded pairs of electrons in addition, there is one lone pair of electrons on nitrogen
In VSEPR theory, the "a" stands for the number of atoms bonded to the central atom. It helps determine the molecular geometry by considering the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs around the central atom.