Outliers will make give the graph a long tail (or tails). Overall, the graph will be flatter and wider.
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No. Outliers are part of the data and do not affect them. They will, however, affect statistics based on the data and inferences based on the data.
When you are looking for a simple measure of the spread of the data, but one which is protected from the effects of extreme values (outliers).
If the data numbers are all really close together than no. But if the data has numbers; for example: 12,43,45,51,57,62,90 (12 and 90 are the outliers) which are really far aprt, than yes.
They are called extreme values or outliers.
Central tendency will only give you information on the location of the data. You also need dispersion to define the spread of the data. In addition, shape should also be part of the defining criteria of data. So, you need: location, spread & shape as best measures to define data.