The FOUR steps to follow in order to design a good sample are:
I. Determination of the data to be collected or described
II. Determination of the population to be sampled
III. Choosing the type of sample
IV. Deciding on the sample size
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With a good sample, the sample mean gets closer to the population mean.
+or- 5%
A random sample is a selection from the population of interest where each item (persons, households, widgets, etc.) has an equal chance of being selected. The idea being that measuring a random sample of sufficient size will accurately (within a margin of error) reflect the "true" value that exists in the population - while at the same time reducing your study to a manageable size. A random sample is integral in good survey design to reduce bias in your experiment.
A letter of good wishes can be for any occasion including graduation and weddings. A sample of what to say would be a heartfelt message wishing the person well in the next part of their life.
A sample size of one is sufficient to enable you to calculate a statistic.The sample size required for a "good" statistical estimate will depend on the variability of the characteristic being studied as well as the accuracy required in the result. A rare characteristic will require a large sample. A high degree of accuracy will also require a large sample.