The Grants have been able to provide clear evidence for natural selection and supported Darwin's theory. The hypothesis was that natural selection can occur many times in a lifetime.
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A hypothesis is the first step in running a statistical test (t-test, chi-square test, etc.) A NULL HYPOTHESIS is the probability that what you are testing does NOT occur. An ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS is the probability that what you are testing DOES occur.
Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
I think you are asking: What is hypothesis testing in the field of statistics. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing
A non-directional research hypothesis is a kind of hypothesis that is used in testing statistical significance. It states that there is no difference between variables.
No. The null hypothesis is assumed to be correct unless there is sufficient evidence from the sample and the given criteria (significance level) to reject it.