Given any sample size there are many samples of that size that can be drawn from the population. In the population is N and the sample size in n, then there are NCn, but remember that the population can be infinite.
A test statistic is a value that is calculated from only the observations in a sample (no unknown parameters are estimated). The value of the test statistic will change from sample to sample. The sampling distribution of a test statistic is the probability distribution function for all the values that the test statistic can take across all possible samples.
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Sampling distribution are used to: a) Estimate the number of samples or surveys to make to obtain a specified confidence in a particular statistic. b) Determine the confidence interval and the margin of error of a particular statistic. c) Conduct a hypothesis test on a particular statistic. I note that common statistics are mean and variance. However, there are sampling distributions for many statistics, including proportion and coeficient of correlation. Hypothesis testing can be one tail or two tail, and there are different approaches.
An F-statistic is a measure that is calculated from a sample. It is a ratio of two lots of sums of squares of Normal variates. The sampling distribution of this ratio follows the F distribution. The F-statistic is used to test whether the variances of two samples, or a sample and population, are the same. It is also used in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine what proportion of the variance can be "explained" by regression.
it is the test one tail
The s2 statistic is used to test to test whether the assumption of normality is reasonable for a given population distribution. The sample consists of 5000 observations and is divided into 6 categories (intervals). The degrees of freedom for the chi-square statistic is:
You can calculate a result that is somehow related to the mean, based on the data available. Provided that you can work out its distribution under the null hypothesis against appropriate alternatives, you have a test statistic.