at random
to represent the population
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The main difference is that the way of selecting a sample Random sample purely on randomly selected sample,in random sample every objective has a an equal chance to get into sample but it may follow heterogeneous,to over come this problem we can use stratified Random Sample Here the difference is that random sample may follow heterogeneity and Stratified follows homogeneity
The main advantage is that the sample is representative of the population and the mean of the sample is an unbiased estimate of the population mean. Also, characteristics of other statistics based on the sample are well understood. However, sometimes it may not be possible to gather valid information from a sampling unit and then the sample is no longer random. This can be either because the sampling unit cannot be located or has been compromised by external factors. This can be particularly serious if the "missing" units share a common characteristic. Also, simple random samples may not include any units representing characteristics that are rare in the population - but important in the context of the experiment.
The sample size has no effect on the validity of an experiment: instead, it is the experimental procedure and integrity of the experimenters.The sample size can affect conclusions that may be drawn from an experiment. The larger the sample is, the more reliable these conclusions are.
The sampling proportion may be used to scale up the results from a sample to that of the population. It is also used for designing stratified sampling.
When we think of the term "population," we usually think of people in our town, region, state or country and their respective characteristics such as gender, age, marital status, ethnic membership, religion and so forth. In statistics the term "population" takes on a slightly different meaning. The "population" in statistics includes all members of a defined group that we are studying or collecting information on for data driven decisions.A part of the population is called a sample. It is a proportion of the population, a slice of it, a part of it and all its characteristics. A sample is a scientifically drawn group that actually possesses the same characteristics as the population - if it is drawn randomly.(This may be hard for you to believe, but it is true!)