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How does a census compare to a sample?
a census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about all d members of a given population and a sample is a group from d population a census is more thorough and gives accurate information about a population while being more expensive and comsuming time comsuing rather than a sample
Why is a large sample better than a small sample?
A large sample will reduce the effects of random variations.
What are the uses of sampling?
(1) A sample may save money (as compared with the cost of a complete census) when absolute precision is not necessary. (2) A sample saves time, when data are desired more quickly than would be possible with a complete census. (3) A sample may make it possible to concentrate attention on individual cases. (4) In industrial uses, some tests are destructive (for example, testing the length of time an electric bulb will last) and can only be performed on a sample of items. (5) Some populations can be considered as infinite, and can, therefore, only be sampled. A simple example is an agricultural experiment for testing fertilizers. In one sense, a census can be considered as a sample at one instant of time of an underlying causal system which has random features in it. (6) Where non-sampling errors are necessarily large, a sample may give better results than a complete census because non-sampling errors are easier to control in smaller-scale operations
Advantages of census over Sampling in Statistics?
There are several advantages of sampling over census (i.e. selection of wholepopulation for analysis).Firstly, the costs on sampling should be much lower than that on census. For example,for the government by-census (note: population census is usually conducted onceevery ten years and a by-census is conducted in the middle of the intercensal period),one fifth of the population is large enough to declare what the government wants toknow. There is no need to spend several times of dollars to interview the entirepopulation in the society.Secondly, a quality guru (Deming, 1960) argued that the quality of a study was oftenbetter with sampling than with a census. He suggested that, "Sampling possesses thepossibility of better interviewing(testing), more thorough investigation of missing,wrong , or suspicious information, better supervision, and better processing than ispossible with complete coverage". Research findings substantiate this opinion. Morethan 90% of survey error in one study was from non-sampling error1, and 10% or lesswas from sampling error2. (Donald et al., 1995)Thirdly, sampling can save the time. The speed of execution reduces the time betweenthe recognition of a need for information and the availability of that information.1 Non-sampling error is the error of research due to factors other than the sample size and samplingmethod, including non-response, bad communication with interviewees, measurement error, etc.2 Sampling error is the error during research due to the sample size and sampling method.
Why would having a larger sample size be a better idea than having a samll sample size when doing an experiment?
less bias and error occur when sample size is larger
