They are the projections, onto the x and y [Cartesian] axes, of a point whose polar coordinates are (R, theta).
It's a common Trig way to express a point when a radius is rotated around a given angle. For example, where exactly would the edge of a two foot gate lie if the gate opened 30 degrees? R is two feet. Two times cosine 30 is the x coordinate and two times sine 30 is the y coordinate.
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Tan theta is a function of the number theta.
Since sin(theta) = 1/cosec(theta) the first two terms simply camcel out and you are left with 1 divided by tan(theta), which is cot(theta).
Sin(theta) = 0.03125 Hence theta = ArcSin(0.03125) theta = 1.790784659... degrees.
Since secant theta is the same as 1 / cosine theta, the answer is any values for which cosine theta is zero, for example, pi/2.
Since theta is in the second quadrant, sin(theta) is positive. sin2(theta) = 1 - cos2(theta) = 0.803 So sin(theta) = +sqrt(0.803) = 0.896.