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Because when the variable becomes sufficiently large, positive or negative, it's magnitude is much greater than any of the coefficients. Thus, the term with the highest power easily dominates with the other terms, which then contribute an insignificant amount.

For example, take y=x^4-985x^3-17. When x=±1000000000000000000, the first term is this large number multiplied four times, whereas the second term only has it multiplied three times, with a comparatively much smaller value and the 17 is even less significant.

A nonzero real number raised to an even power is always positive, so the sign at both extremes will be that of the coefficient; thus, both extremes will either be positive or negative.

When the variable is near 0, the value becomes near that of the constant, which is undeniable smaller that whatever astronomically high value the variable might attain. So, the graph must go from some extremely high value to some relatively small value, and then back to another extremely high value of the same sign (positive or negative) that it started out.

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Q: Why any even degree polynomial will have at least a maxima or a minima?
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