x2 - 3 doesn't factor neatly. Applying the quadratic formula, we find two real solutions: Zero plus or minus the square root of three.
x = 1.7320508075688772
x = -1.7320508075688772
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This doesn't factor neatly.
However, we can say (sqrt(3))^2 = 3
Hence
x^(2) - (sqrt(3))^2.
This will factor becasue we have two squared terms and a NEGATIVE between them.. NB A positive does NOT factor.
Hence
(x - sqrt(3))(x + sqrt(3)) .
NB The sqrt(3) is 1.732050808.... (It is an Irrational number).