In a right triangle, the sine of one of the angles other than the right angle is the length of the side opposite the angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle), the cosine is the length of the side adjacent to the angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse, and the tangent is the length of the opposite side divided by the length of the adjacent side.
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I created a diagram that answers this question:
http://tapper7.com/trigonometry-example-handout-by-tapper/I would post the image, but the best I can do is post a link. It is nearly impossible to answer adequately without a visual aid. The prose alone may cause more confusion, though it is factually correct.
You can use your trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, and tangent).
They are used to find the angle or side measurement of a right triangle. For example, if 2 sides of a right triangle have known values and an angle has a known measurement, you can find the third side by using sine, cosine or tangent.
Sine= Opposite/ Hypotenuse Cosine= Adjacent/ Hypotenuse
Sin, cosine, and tangent are considered the three main of trigonometry, commonly written as sin, cos, and tan. sin(θ) = O/H cos(θ) = A/H tan(θ) = O/A Where O is opposite Where H is Hypotenuse Where A is Adjacent To assist further in understanding: http://www.mathsisfun.com/sine-cosine-tangent.html
Because it tends to infinity. Additionally, tangent can be expressed as sin theta divided by cos theta. The sine of 90 is 1. The cosine of 90 is 0. That would be 1 divided by 0, or division by zero; which is undefined.